BCON · Broadcast Commute Observation Networks

The wireless around you, checked and acted on.

The summary identifies what is weak about the networks in range (no encryption, one SSID answering from several APs, protections left off) and the action for each. A few are router settings. Most are connection habits on the phone.

Receive-only. Beacon frames are broadcast in the clear by design; BCON receives them and stops there. It never connects, never authenticates, never attacks, and never identifies an individual access point on screen.

Premise

Almost none of it is your equipment

Reports on how insecure wireless is in general already exist, and a national average changes nothing you do tomorrow. In addition, nearly every device in range belongs to somebody else, so hardening is not an option. What remains is knowing which ones are dangerous and acting accordingly, which only works if the check ends in an action item.

A place, not a populationAn aggregate needs a large sample before it means anything. Something actually picked up in one spot is a fact at n = 1, and it stays worth re-checking as long as you keep going there.
A finding with a next stepA score on its own does not lead to action. Each reading comes back as things to do, ordered by how much risk each one removes, and grouped by action rather than by finding, because three different findings often end in the same single action.
Repetition is the datasetRepeated observation of the same places is usually a coverage limitation. Here it is the purpose: the same spot read again and again becomes a record of how it changed.
Checks

Seven risk factors

Each carries a weight, because they are not equally dangerous. An open network you might join by accident carries more than ten times the weight of a transition mode left on by the manufacturer. The weights add up to one score per place, and the score always shows its parts.

Open network35

No encryption at all. The real hazard is not the network but the phone, which may have a similar name saved for auto-join and will reconnect without confirmation.

Evil twin18

One familiar name answering from several different radios. Mesh systems and phone hotspots do this legitimately, so it is reported as a candidate to look at, never as an accusation.

No management-frame protection15

Without PMF, anyone nearby can force a device off the network, and the forced reconnection is exactly the moment a rogue AP exploits. Optional PMF is flagged separately from absent.

WPS enabled12

The convenience pairing path, and a way around the passphrase that the passphrase cannot defend against. Usually on because it was never disabled.

Carrier roaming12

Several access points carrying one name so the phone hands over without confirmation. Convenient, and a record of movement. The handover is also the easiest moment for a rogue AP to intervene, because the phone is already expecting to switch.

Weak cipher5

WEP, original WPA, or TKIP still in the mix. Lowest weight because it usually appears on equipment old enough that nobody was going to connect to it anyway.

Transition mode3

WPA3 switched on while WPA2 is left open for older devices, which is the manufacturer's default. An attacker simply chooses the WPA2 side, where none of WPA3's protections apply. Weighted lowest because it is still better than no WPA3 at all.

The unit is a place, not a networkA place is the name assigned on site, not a GPS cell. Indoors the coordinate freezes on the last fix, so three separate rooms measured in one evening all landed on the same cell; the assigned name was the only thing that distinguished them. Places are ordered by dwell time, because dwell time is exposure time.
Guesswork is labeled as guessworkDefault SSIDs, vendor from the MAC address OUI, and device type from the name are all inference. They are labeled as circumstantial, and a randomized address returns no vendor at all rather than a wrong one.
Actions

Actions, ordered by risk removed

Grouped by action rather than by finding: open networks, evil twins and missing protection share the same first action, and listing them separately would repeat it three times. Ordered by how much of the score each action removes. These are suggestions, not instructions: nobody can change a stranger’s router, so the ones that need a settings change are written as "if any of these is yours".

① Disable auto-join, select manuallyOne action that closes both open networks and evil twins, which is why it is always first. An open network carries traffic in the clear; when one SSID answers from several APs, the phone takes the strongest signal and cannot tell which is legitimate. A VPN does not replace this. It protects traffic after joining, not the join itself.
② Use a VPN in that spotWithout PMF anyone nearby can force a disconnection. The disconnection is not the problem; the reconnection is, and once connected, traffic encryption is the only defense left. ① prevents the join, ② protects after it.
③ Drop auto-join for carrier hotspotsSeveral access points under one SSID means the phone hands over without confirmation. That handover is the easiest moment to intervene, because the phone is already expecting to switch, and the movement trail is recorded by that network.
④ Disable WPS, if any of these is yoursThe PIN is validated in two halves, a design flaw that brute-forces in hours, and once it falls changing the passphrase does not help, because WPS allows re-entry. On someone else's equipment, classify that network as one a passphrase does not protect.
⑤ Replace the legacy cipher, if any of these is yoursWEP and TKIP are effectively unprotected, and WPA2/WPA3 transition mode lets an attacker select the weaker side. Moving to WPA3 makes PMF mandatory, which removes ② as well. If the SSID is still the factory default, change the admin password with it.
Measured

What is actually in range, place by place

Readings taken standing still, three minutes at a time, at the places a routine actually passes through: a stop, a restaurant, a lobby, a park. This is a record of specific spots rather than a survey, and it is the only kind of reading in which the figure relates to you.

7Places read so far, each one standing still for three minutes
229Access points within connecting distance: the denominator for every other figure
100Of those, without management-frame protection
0On WPA3, the one setting that would fix the line above
SignalShareWhat it means here
No PMF100Nearly every device can be forced offline and made to reconnect
Default name28.5Circumstantial: the box was probably never configured
WPS on37.1A pairing path around the passphrase, left enabled
Weak cipher11.8TKIP still in the mix on equipment old enough to have been forgotten
Open41Networks with no encryption at all, within connecting distance
Twin candidates96One name answering from several radios, usually mesh, hence candidates

Live from the collector: 247 scans across 7 places. Every figure counts only access points within connecting distance: 678 answered in total, and the rest were too weak to matter.

The counting method has to be correct firstMost of what answers a scan is too weak to connect to, and the same router answers twice on two bands. Count all of it and the risk score falls as the number of nearby APs rises, which is inverted. Everything here counts only what is within connecting distance.
Management-frame protection is the single biggest item, everywhere so farIt is what stops a third party forcing a disconnection to make a device reconnect elsewhere, and WPA3 is what makes it mandatory. The WPA3 figure above is that number.
Why the answer is behavioralPractically every device in a reading belongs to somebody else. Hardening your own settings does not change their equipment, so the useful output is a rule about what your phone is allowed to join.
Limits

What this does not claim

Without the limits beside the reading, a scan report reads as an accusation. Below is the range a single reading can claim.

Nobody else is a targetThe output is about exposure, not about fault. There is no ranking of networks, no naming of an owner, and no suggestion that a particular access point is to blame. Output is deliberately limited so that an access point cannot be located from what appears on screen.
Inference is not identificationDevice type, vendor and "default name" are inferred from broadcast strings and MAC address OUIs. They are frequently right and sometimes wrong, and are labeled so the kind of claim is clear.
One place is one placeA reading describes the place it was taken in and nothing beyond it. It is not a survey of a city, a carrier or a manufacturer, and a figure from it should never be quoted as one.
None of the technique is newReading what is broadcast has been possible for twenty years, and mapping projects have covered the world with it. What is different here is the query and the action item derived from it; without a technical advantage, the barrier to entry is correspondingly low.
Readings stay with whoever took themAnything derived from location history carries obligations of its own, so none of it is distributed, sold, or provided to a third party. That is a property of the design, not a policy that could be relaxed later.
See the rest of the portfolio The rest of the portfolio, each built here and operated here.